Immune exhaustion during chronic infections in cattle

Immune exhaustion during chronic infections in cattle

Recently, dysfunction of antigen-specific T cells is well documented as T-cell exhaustion and has been defined by the loss of effector functions during chronic infections and cancer in human. The exhausted T cells are characterized phenotypically by the surface expression of immunoinhibitory receptors, such as programmed death 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), T-cell immunoglobuli...

Immune functions during chronic viral infections

Chronic viral infections display a major health burden worldwide. Immune control of chronic viral infections requires a balanced interplay between immune activation promoting virus clearance and deactivation of antiviral immunity to prevent tissue damage. Our research is focused on identifying mechanisms regulating the balanced immune control of viral infections. Innate type I interferon produc...

Immune Regulation during Helminth Infections

Helminth is a nonphylogenetic term that refers to multicellular animals (or metazoans) that have adopted a parasitic lifestyle in mammalian hosts. They are more commonly referred to as parasitic worms. These worms generally (with the exception of Strongyloides stercoralis) cannot replicate within the host, and they have evolved distinct methods to co-exist with their host through the activation...

Resisting Immune Exhaustion in HIV-1 Infection

Research in Translation T he human immune system is extraordinarily active against infection with HIV-1, yet never eliminates the virus and rarely controls viral replication for prolonged periods without the assistance of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). In order to harness the power of the human immune response in HIV therapy, we need a better understanding of the key elements of protective immu...

Activation and Exhaustion RasGRP1 Results in CD4 T Cell Immune Chronic Immunodeficiency in Mice Lacking